ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The number of male adults who are treated for osteoporosis has been increasing rapidly over the last 4 years. The bone mineral density (BMD) of men has a similar pattern to that of women with BMD, decreasing with increasing age. We hypothesize that there is a relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors such as smoking, alcohol, exercise, body fat mass and lean body mass. An association between such factors and BMD would suggest that prevention and education would be a helpful approach in treating patients with osteoporosis. We designed this study to reveal the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and several behavioral factors in Korean male adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 1038 community-dwelling men over 20 years of age who had participated in the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2009 were collected from Seoul city and Kyungi province. Bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors (smoking, alcohol, exercise, body mass index, total fat mass) were assessed. We estimated the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and behavioral factors using ANCOVA with adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol and exercise status. RESULTS: Using multinomial logistic regression analysis, exercise 1 to 3 times a week, alcohol consumption once a week, body mass index and total lean body mass were positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD) of the total femur and femur neck. Age was negatively associated with BMD. Smoking and total fat mass were not associated with BMD. CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, maintaining adequate total lean body mass with regular exercise is as important as maintaining body weight and bone mineral density (BMD) in order to prevent osteoporosis in male adults.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Adipose Tissue , Alcohol Drinking , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Bone Density , Femur , Femur Neck , Korea , Logistic Models , Nutrition Surveys , Osteoporosis , Smoke , SmokingABSTRACT
The authors had recently experienced a case of optic nerve atrophy leading to blindness caused by acute carbon monoxide poisoning and reviewed the literatures of ocular changes secondary to the poisoning. The major findings were intraorbital bleeding, exophthalmos, ptosis, impairment of the ocular movement, superficial retinal hemorrhage and narrowing of the retinal vessels, the last two being thought to be degenerative changes leading to thrombosis of central retinal artery. At the 21th day after the accident exophthalmos, ptosis and ocular movement were recovered to normal but in the fundus retinal vessels could be found hardly and disc was pale.
Subject(s)
Atrophy , Blindness , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning , Carbon Monoxide , Carbon , Exophthalmos , Hemorrhage , Optic Nerve , Poisoning , Retinal Artery , Retinal Hemorrhage , Retinal Vessels , ThrombosisABSTRACT
1) The patient was a male aged 20 years who has an intermittent exophthalmos of the left eye when he bend a head forward. 2) Exophthalmometry reveals OD: 11 mm OS: 17.5 mm by Hertel method base 96 in bend forward position. 3) The disc of the left eye was a slight discoloration and no changes whether protrusion of the eye or not. 4) It may be caused by varix of the left orbital vein examined by skull X-ray, optic foramen, Water's view and carotid angiography. 5) Vision OD: 1.0 OS: 0.4.